Monday, May 12, 2008

Ketuanan: What have not yet being given to make them Tuan?

The government finally revealed the truth:

As of last year and out of 382,997 students in local public universities, there are 79.7 percent bumiputera students, 12 percent Chinese, 3.2 percent Indians and 1.4 percent of other races and international students.

The figures were revealed in a written reply from Higher Education Minister Mohamed Khaled Nordin to Loke Siew Fook (DAP-Rasah).

The minister said the government was confident that the number of the non-bumiputera students may be increased.


The meritocracy system was implemented in 2002 to replace the quota system in local universities, which had set a 55:45 ratio for enrollment of bumiputeras and non-bumiputeras respectively.

Source: Malaysiakini



There's no discrimination ...

Lest we forget, in last year's Umno general assembly, Umno leaders from Johor had insisted that the playing fields in the local public universities were uneven and they wanted the quota system to be reinstated. I wonder whether they would want that after receiving the truth.


This statement below is from MB Johor Abdul Ghani Othman

[quote]

It was impossible to strive for meritocracy. The system was a form of discrimination and oppression, he said. It did not provide for a level playing field but instead deprived thousands of Malay children in the rural areas, who still lacked access to quality education. "Umno Johor is steadfast in its stand that the meritocracy system must be stopped. "It is not suitable for implementation," he declared.

[unquote]

Source: NST: Nov 6, 2006; Prime News Page 10


What is not ketuanan? What hadn't make them tuan?

I remember Pak Lah said insisted that he is the prime minister for all Malaysians and he will be fair to all.

I still keep each and every of those news cuttings to remind myself of my prime minister's words.







30 comments:

Anonymous said...

at the moment, whats the high to be a tuan in one domain but when one have to grit one teeth and kowtow to the rest of the world.

nothing seems to be able to lift our spirits these days, even with words coined by a joker like...

mengangkasakan bangsa : send the whole race into orbit ?

or...

glokal : got low kalories ? mongolian dairies produce... izzit?

jeez, how we missed tdm era...

when we, at least have the fierce determinations & sheer guts to take the bull by the horns.

~~~coolie

Jefus said...

bumi is not Malay la,......

this is going to come around and bite u. could be Ibans, Dusuns etc etc,...

should insist the breakdown on the bumi part, how many Malays as opposed to the other bumis....

the statement non bumi students will increase sucks,..... he should clarify on the percentages of the students.

its like the story of the dog which is barking and wagging its tail at the same time,.... u got to watch which end you are dealing with,.... he he he

habitual liars!

Anonymous said...

don blame the statistic, most of my fren last time ditch their engineering course in local uni to go oversea. most non-bumi at the first place opt not to choose local uni anyway.

yapchongyee said...

Whether the Malays know it or not and I wager that they do not, THE JOKE IS ON THE MALAYS.

I wonder if this makes any sense or not, EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION IS ACHIEVED IN EXCELLENT ENVIROMENT. What I mean to say is that STUDENTS INTERACT AMOUNG STUDENTS TO PRODUCE THE BEST RESULTS. A good student who studies among pooor grade students cannot produce his best result. This is an educational fact. It is not merely the best teachers that can provoke the most enthusiasm & excitement in learning, you need the stimulation of other equally bright or brighter students to find exictement in learning. Without such stimulus learning cannot produce the best in the student.

I studied at the V I (Victoria Institution, K L ); that school consistently produced just about the best results in the country; but today I asked my grand nephew if he ever heard of the V. I. and he looks at me blankly and says he has never heard of the V. I. but that school still exists, only now they produce only very mediocre results because all the ministers and their well connected friends and relatives send their children to the V. I. I have to also give full credit to the other best schools in Malaysia, like Chung Ling High School, MBS (KL), St. Johns (KL) and Penang Free School. Are they still the best schools today ?

All these schools only took in the best students selected by "ENTRANCE EXAMINATION". However I have to also mention THE MALAY COLLEGE KUALA KANGSAR, the Malay BLUE BLOOD, "IVY LEAGUE" of Malay education, entrance by Blue Blood family connection. Most if not all of the founding fathers and Malay Administrators come from that school, BUT I HAVE NO HESITATION TO SAY THAT ALL THE OTHER BEST SCHOOLS THAT I MENTIONED CONSISTENTLY TRUMPS THE MALAY COLLEGE ALL THE TIME.

By the same comparison WHY NOT COMPARE THE RESULTS ACHIEVED BY UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE VS. THE MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITIES COMBINED ? Just go look at the world's rankings of best Universities and find where the University of Malaya is at ?

The byword is not how many graduates that you can produce but what is the quality of the graduates that you can produce. You just cannot have 1000 generals to commend a platoon of men. That is sheer madness, nay ! It is comical !

Anonymous said...

After many postings on your site, all of it in counter argument, today I shall side you. But, there is a qualifier.

Yes you are right, the figures may show that the implementation of the policies are not done. The local universities have not met their quotas of non-Malays. They have to correct it.

But this is nothing to do with 'ketuanan' or being 'Tuan.' This has to with effective implementation. The government obviously is not effective. Especially so when the nation's leader has made it a policy to be fair. If the government do not heed their leaders, then it is a leadership problem.

And that's the only reason why we should take Pak Lah out.

Not because they are greedy, corrupt, nepotist or racist. All politicians are! (Including the opposition.)

If only these politicians are effective and just, we will get somewhere with this country.

Anonymous said...

I just do not understand why the word 'tuan' is so important.

Isn't it humbleness is part of our culture ????

yapchongyee said...

Hello Anonymous ! Of course you are right on the money (so to speak); I dare say it is even more than a leadership issue, IT IS AN ISSUE OF CULTURE. Malaysia has no culture of ethics, discipline and morality and common sense; of course you will not like what I have to say but reject what I have to say after considering what it is that I want to say.

Take the Malaysian Judiciary (& my long running battle with judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali). Let me say this until you go red in the face, it just does not matter what kind of Law Reform that Dato Zaid has planned for Malaysia that can change the corrupt & INCOMPETENT administration of justice & the law in Malaysia, BECAUSE IT IS ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW with professional integrity, with true COMPETENCE and knowledge of the Law that is missing among the judges and your Lawyers. Any reforms that is said to be reforms will be meaningless if this CULTURE OF INCOMPETENCE & LACK OF ETHICS AND DISCIPLINE IS MISSING AS IT OBVIOUSLY IS IN MALAYSIA. Coming back to my dispute with Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali LET ME ASSURE YOU THAT THE JUDGEMNT OF JUDGE ZAINON BINTI MOHD, ALI DID NOT DRAW ONE SINGLE SHRED OF COMMON LAW PRINCIPLE IN SUPPORT OF HER DECISION TO STRIKE OUT MY WIFE’S PETITION, I cite her as an example of my charge that Zainon binti Mohd. Ali is a prime example of a high Court Judge in Malaysia who does not know the most basic principle of Common Law & Equity, as an illustration

Your Judges act on the basis of who you know, because your judges do not know what the real law is all about. I say this without any reservation that the administration of the Law & Justice is a joke. Most of your most senior Judges, like Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali are not even fluent in English and bear in mind that 100% of case law are in English; that fact is in and of itself 99% of the criticsm that goes to prove that improvement in the administration of Law & Justice in Malaysia is impossible. IN THIS RESPECT I SUPPORT UMNO CALL FOR MALAYSIA TO ADOPT SYARIA LAW at least then we can have judges who can read ARABIC. The English Common Law is suitable for Singapore but not for Malaysia. Malaysia is Kuataan Melayu so why not Syaria Law ?

Anonymous said...

Quoting denzook:

"don blame the statistic, most of my fren last time ditch their engineering course in local uni to go oversea. most non-bumi at the first place opt not to choose local uni anyway."

I second that. Most of my friends (non malays) too think they are too good for IPTAs. Most of them opt for private colleges or go overseas. One good thing I can see and I really respect about the attitudes of these non malays is that their parents have already prepared funds for their children earlier on, and by so they can afford to send their kids to anywhere they think is the best for their child's education. Most of these parents think IPTAs are not "good enough" too. So I think it is up to the individual. Whatever floats your boat. We are getting more and more malays doing the same thing too. So yes, if you can afford good quality education, why focus so much on getting a place in local Us which by perception of most I know are "inferior" anyway? We have a choice.

Anonymous said...

anon 946,

No - it has everything to do with the 'tuan' mindset!

Why & how do u think these little Napoleons dare to defy the policies of the day?

In ONE word - just to safeguard their rice bowls.

If meritocracy will to be a yardstick;

They will not be sitting there & chatting away the time for gaji buta.

They will also not be able to jump start their career to senior positions despite of the facts that there are more deserving candidates.

They will also not be able to manipulate results to 'raise' their maruah academically.

Without this 'tuan' mentality, they cannot DO all these. Think about it!

Anonymous said...

We are always manupulating with statistics like bumi equity. Actually the bumi have more money than the rest although it is probably concentrated in the hands of about 50,000 only.
VI is now known as Sekolah Menegah Victoria and for the last 20 years, I have never heard of any outstanding student passing out from there except for the Sidek Brothers who are known more for their badminton rather than academic excellence.

Anonymous said...

Came across a statement that may reflect the topic of discussion :

Statistics don 't lie but liars use statistics.

Anonymous said...

study what la...

Local u tak boleh pakai la...

too low standard!

yapchongyee said...

Yap Chong Yee,
5a Prinsep Road,
Attadale, WA 6156
Email :ychongyee@yahoo.com.au
Blogg. http://yapchongyee.blogspot.com
To,

Dato Zaid Ibrahim, Minister of Law
Putra Jaya, Malaysia,

Dear YANG AHMAD BERHORMAT,

Re: Re : Originating Petition No. D2-26-41 OF 2001 ;
Lim Choi Yin v. McLaren Saksama (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd

I refer to the above Originating Petition to raise an issue of abuse of power perpetrated by Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali, who was the Judge of the court of first instance in the adjudication the above Originating Petition.

Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali had approved the respondents’ application for security of costs of Rm.60,000 and which sum was paid by my wife; and upon payment of said security for costs; Respondent Stephen Lim Cheng Ban followed up by a 2nd and subsequent application for striking out of said Petition. This 2nd application for striking out was made even in the absence of any order for setting aside of the Order for security for costs nor was there any application for setting aside of the 1st order for security for costs.

In these circumstances Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali had abused her powers, because the order for security for costs had been enforced by the Respondents by their acceptance of the Rm.60,000. This acceptance by respondents of the Rm.60,000 constitutes their undertaking that upon payment of said security for costs Respondents all undertake to defend the petition in court. There was no appeal against the order for security for costs.

The facts stated above support my contention that said Petition is still an active case and Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali’s order for striking out said petition was ineffectual in law because if respondents were unhappy with the order for security for costs THEIR ONLY RECOURSE WAS TO APPEAL against said order for security for costs, WHICH THEY DID NOT. There is no ground for Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali to allow respondents to keep their Rm.60,000 security for costs and not set the petition down for hearing.

This Petition had gone on for 8 years, while the petition is still an active petition. Our solicitors had appealed against the order for striking out of said petition against my advice. There is no grounds for appeal because we are happy with the order for security for costs and we did not appeal against the order and we paid said Rm.60,000 pursuant to the order for security for costs.
I appeal to you, Yang Amat Berhormat and to your sense of justice because you were and are the most respected Lawyer in Malaysia.
The other issue that criminally implicates Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali was the fact that my wife’s supporting affidavits ahd annexed 3 police reports charging the respondents Wong Kem Chen, Kwong Sea Yoon and Stephen Lim Cheng Ban with PERJURY & FORGERY and with fabricating evidence. I was told by the investigating officer, Inspector Fawzi of the Balai Polis, Jalan Tun H S Lee that he was told by Judge zainon binti Mohd. Ali not to investigate the 3 police reports, UNTIL AFTER THE TRIAL OF THE PETITION. This is criminal conduct for obstructing a police investigation.

The status of my wife’s petition HAS NO SOLUTION IN A COURT OF LAW, because our solicitors M/s Lim & Hoh of Bukit Nanas K.L. did not file a defence to that second Application for striking out Petition, therefore there are no grounds for appeal; although through ignorance of the law or COMPLICITY (I think that is more the case) with Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali is left to conjecture; but be that as it may, the truth is the appeal that was filed by M/s Lim & Hoh makes nonsense. On the other hand as I argued, my wife’s petition has not been effectively EXTINGUISHED OR STRUCK OUT because under the facts of the case Judge zainon binti Mohd. Ali has no judicial powers to strike out the petition. The two orders of “security for costs” and the order for striking out cannot logically exist together; but the order for security for costs has already been enforced by Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali and the respondents. NO TRIAL NO SECURITY FOR COSTS.

As I said my wife’s case has no solution in the courts; THEREFORE I ASK YOU AS MINISTER FOR LAW REFORM who so openly calls for judicial reform to AT LEAST REQUIRE THE POLICE TO INVESTIDATE THE 3 POLICE REPORTS THAT ARE ANNEXED IN MY WIFE’S AFFIDAVITS, which were stifled by the criminal conduct of Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali. A conscientious police investigations of the reports will show that respondents had perjured & committed forgery. This is our only solution, as the investigation will show that respondents committed these criminal offences, they will be held to have obtained their COURT ORDERS BY FRAUD, and the orders will be set aside on the basis of thr criminal prosecution of the respondents. This case is not one of CIVIL JURISDICTION BUT ONE THAT RIGHTLY CALLS FOR CRIMINAL PROSECUTION. On the issue of whether to prosecute Judge zainon binti Mohd. Ali as the proper thing to do; I cannot see the Malaysian government doing this. You can hush up my criminal charges against Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali for all I care, although I will be the happiest man alive if you did do the proper thing by prosecution of Judge Zainon.

I make this commitment to you, that I will come to KL to defend myself against any charge for sedition or for libel on ONE CONDITION and that is if the charge is made specifically by Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali in person and by herself; because I want to have the opportunity to question her in my defence. I will publish this letter as usual on the bloggersphere and to Email randomly to as many practising lawyers in Malaysia. Also copy to all high officials as printed below,

The obvious abuse of power by Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali has consigned my wife’s petition into the twilight zone, because her petition is still active in law and we are happy with the order for security for costs and Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali knows that she is not, in the circumstances EMPOWERED TO MAKE THE ORDER FOR STRIKING OUT OF SAID PETITION; There is no recourse in law for us and
the appeal filed by our solicitors IS BOGUS ! Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali had by her abuse of power destroyed the appeal process in our case. Yang Amat Berhomat, I will send to you by post my signed letter by post.

Yours faithfully


Yap Chong Yee.
Dated 13th May 2008

Copy : President of the Court of Appeal, President & Secretary of Bar Council,
Attorney General, Email to practicing lawyers and posted on the internet.
Judge Zainon binti Mohd. Ali.

Anonymous said...

one-happy-big-family





http://paneh.blogspot.com/2008/05/one-happy-big-family.html

Anonymous said...

"study what la...

Local u tak boleh pakai la...

too low standard!"

for postgraduate and high-tech research i agree . .. but for bachelor degree, as long as it's degree sama saje. ... degree is just passport to working world, even you graduate in prestige univ, it's up to the employer to higher you or not, and the course you learned in univ oso cannot pakai one in working environment (else why the hell those job ad put experience require)..

one thing i cannot tahan is that some of my fren when awarded engineering in UM (I appeal for seat there but failed, UM is my choice coz near my house) ditch the place opt for oversea......

Anonymous said...

correction: should be hire not higher.....

CK said...

if choices available, everyone wants to go and study abroad. same here. but not everyone has the privilege to do so. good for those whose parents can afford to send their children to overseas.

dun undermine those non-malays esp who study in local uni. YES, the local uni may not be up to standard but let me remind you that those overseas graduate didn't always fare better. i have lots of friends who study overseas but their English is worse than mine and yes, i am a local grads.

i think it has to do with the individual themselves.

local uni non-malays? either they know the hardship and turn out to be good quality or they just flip the way through since they won't be worse academically than most of their Bumi coursemates. whereas for overseas grad, they might be some spoilt brats who's only good for their own family business or they turn out to be fine crop.

mave,
thanks for the article. 80% is definitely a more accurate figure.

tiada ketuanan untukku
tak ingin kubertuankanmu

cakap mesti bikin siap siap said...

Don't these people who profess that there are religous, who practise Islam Hadhari, etc feel any remorse when they lie and discriminate (or don't do anything to stop discrimination)?

Bunch of hyprocrites.

In the long run, the price of not implementing meritocracy system in our country, is far more expensive than all the economic/financial subsidies. Don't look far, just look south at the little red dot:)

Anonymous said...

How come the total enrolment don't adds up to 100 %. It just does not compute or the Minister's arithmetic is that of a 3 years kid.

Arena Green said...

A friend of mine refused to allow his son (who scored 9A1s in SPM) to take up a matriculation offer from a public university preferring instead to go for Cambridge A levels.

He's had enough of the Malaysian public education system.

Maverick SM said...

Coolie,

Let's hope things will go better; it's a hope.

Jefus,

You are right; Bumiputeras include the natives, orang Aslis and those from Malacca with Portugese connections.

At the same, Total Bumi population is about 60% of which the Malays constitute about 40%.

Denzook,

I do not agree; there may be some who opt out of local unis if their parents can afford to sent them overseas or they had received scholarships to study elsewhere.

Yapchongyee,

I do agree that excellence in education could be better achieved in excellent environment.

If your grand nephew did not know V.I. it may be due to ignorance as I also know that many people do not know about Malay College Kuala Kangsar; but that does not mean the college or institute is doing badly. V.I. is still doing well; and MCKK is also doing well till today.

I do not believe in the comparison with other universities except if necessary to formed a benchmark to measure continuous improvements and to push our universities to achieve high standings; but it's not ready; the local Uni are struggling with its academic minimum.

Sandyow,

I am in total agreement with your statement; I think this is a fair and real situation. If those parents have saved some monies for their children they could have the privilege to sent them overseas. It is unfortunate that the local Uni are falling badly in their standards of education for many reasons, and definitely it is not one reason only. Let the minister of higher education sort it out. It may take a little more time but I think they are working it out.

Purple Haze,

It may be true but we must appreciate that the govt is now more willing to be honest.

Shinwee,

Thanks for your link and I had read your article except for the fact that you mention P.Patto but did not mention Najib's seditious statement.

Denzook,

I have a tendency to agree with you. Our local universities do produce good graduates but not in every course. We have problems because of certain political influences and powerplay in the uni and that's why the standard drops. However, I observed that they have identified their weakness and are working to resolve them albeit slowly.

CK,

I agree with your statement but I must also stress that: don't undermine the Malays and Indians in the local Uni too as many have good knowledge and studied hard. There are some who are lazy and this is equally true about the Chinese and Indians; it's individualistic.

CMBSS,

Refer to your 3rd para, I agree. 1st para, irrelevant.

Anak Merdeka,

Your friend had made his choice based on his own wisdom and he may be right. It is individualistic. In general we can have our opinions but I think it is unfair to dump everyone and every local universities as trash.

CK said...

Mave,

I agree with you. What I want to point out is that no sweeping statement should be made cox it's definitely not fair. and also the 80% bumi stats didn't reflect the population right? so are they saying this 80% is due to meritocracy? ghani statement is a total crap.

CK said...

mave,
just to add on, being a non-Bumi local uni grad myself, I see enough of our non-Malay and Malay coursemates who just didn't study or take things for granted the whole course. that's why no employer want to employ these grads and government has to re-train them. sigh~

Maverick SM said...

CK,

I absolutely agree with you. We can't make sweeping statements and yet not look bias. In all fairness, laziness and incompetencies are not race-based; it is individualistic.

Anonymous said...

http://www.malaysiakini.com/letters/82775



For Royal Professor Ungku Aziz to say that there was no social contract between the founding fathers of our nation, this has put a nail in the coffin on those ultra-Malays who still see Ketuanan Melayu as a cornerstone for race relationships in this country.

While other matured and well-developed nations have put to rest the ‘master and slave’ relationship among the various races, it baffles the mind of thinking people why should such policy still remain relevant in this 21st century here in Malaysia. We might call our British colonial masters ‘Tuan’ or ‘Sir’ in the early days but after half-a-century of independence, don’t you think that such thinking is out of date?

Mind you, the United States who imported Negros from Africa a few centuries ago to be the white man’s slave might have a black man to be their next president if Barrack Obama wins the ticket to the White House in the coming US presidential elections.

Malay rights have been ensconced in the federal constitution and cannot be taken away unless by a two-thirds majority in Parliament subject to the Malay rulers approval. No one doubts that in the early days, the bumiputera, especially the Malays, needed affirmative actions to take them out of their cycle of poverty to be on par with other races, especially the Chinese. But the NEP has outlived it purpose and it should be replaced with a new policy which will eradicate poverty regardless of race and creed.

The playing field should be more even and let the best among the best compete among themselves in order for our nation to progress in the future. Why should rich Malays with their ‘right’ political connections obtain a big slice of the economic cake while the poor people are denied such opportunities to get them out of their cycle of poverty?

To be a respected race, the Malays must discard the notion that the government will always have to provide them with opportunities in studies and business as if it was their birth right. The Malays should be able to compete with the other races on an equal footing and work hard to improve their lot rather than expecting handouts from the government.

Ungku Aziz , a towering Malay whose intellectual thinking is way ahead of his time, has opened a Pandora Box’s with his outright statement that there is no written ‘social contract’ among the various races prior to independence. Umno politicians will now cry foul about his daring statement as they will always use the Ketuanan Melayu bogey to win the hearts and minds of the Malays to support their cause. .

But the Malays cannot be in a denial mode anymore. We must accept the fact that in the brave new world that we live in where people and capital move to places where no restrictions are imposed, the old way of doing business by having quota systems will drive capital away from our country and the people will suffer in the end if business opportunities pass our shores.

The Malays should look at their Singapore brethren who are no less the worse although unlike their Malaysian cousins, they does not have any NEP policy to get a leg up in society. There is no short cut for success unless you work hard for it.

Anonymous said...

wow, CK be careful about generalizing. Just because the malays around you are "lazy" not all of them are. So it's wrong to assume that. If that is the case, how come there are also unemployed non-malays too, that means these people also lazy?

It's who you are, not what RACE you are to equate laziness with.

CK said...

sandyow,
pls read my comment as i didn't make generalisation. in fact, i don't generalising it hence the comment i wrote. maybe you miss out some words.

Anonymous said...

Well...

Those local grads who are good, are product of their own effort not of the university!

Ask youself! What have the local u help you? To be racist? Chinese are not suppose to set up a chinese society?

Is not the local effort that make the non-malay good in local u. Is the effort of Local u to make non-malay feel unwelcome that make the non-malay wanna show those malays local student, how stupid are they!

I know lot of people dont have a choice and had to study in local u. But if given a choice, most would choose foreign Uni!

There are a small percentages of local U student who are good but only a small percentages!!!

I dare to say 90% of local grads are not up to par.

Anonymous said...

I disagree, non-bumi needs a very high score in STPM to enter the local U, those that do get in are actually pretty good.

for the same standard, actually STPM is harder than A levels, believe it or not. why? to make sure non-bumi don't make it to the local U, that's all.

I am from local U, and we studies like mad for STPM, really really crazy. Not only me, but my friends too. For the next 10 years after STPM, I had nighmares about the exams. If you have the money, just go and take A levels, and there is much wider choice as you can go oversea U. with STPM, if you don't have very good grades, there is really no where to go, except diplomas.

Don't compare their academic grade in U between bumi and non-bumi, cos the bumi has a special previlage in their exams grade, they can get an A, for the same score than a non-bumi can get a C grade. This is impose by the school to all lecturers and Prof in local U, they must make exams differently, else they can say goodbye to promotion.

Maverick SM said...

Honyang,

I have read that article. He is trying to interpret what's in Ungku Aziz mind.

But the doctrine of social contract is the essence of Rousseau's work and it is not a written agreement but a social convention.

Sandyow,

I think CK had clarified it at his 2nd statement and 3rd statement made above.

Edi,

I do not agree with you. In my companies there are many graduates from Australia and UK. They are equally weak in their knowledge and they are Chinese.

The essence of competency and knowledge is individualistic and I do not deny that university lecturers do play an important part in inculcating and enabling the students so as to prepare them for vocation thereafter.

However, it is sad to note that the standards of our public universities are deteriorating while other universities are catching up with the better-known and the ivy league universities while we are catching up with the 3rd world standards.